:root {
  --bg: #f5f3ee;
  --surface: #fffdf9;
  --ink: #171717;
  --muted: #65635f;
  --line: #d9d4ca;
  --accent: #a23b29;
  --accent-dark: #7e2d20;
  --dark: #181816;
  --max: 1200px;
  --pad: clamp(20px, 4vw, 56px);
  --serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
body.menu-open { overflow: hidden; }
a { color: inherit; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
button, input { font: inherit; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  left: 16px;
  top: -80px;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: white;
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 16px; }

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 212, 202, .9);
  background: rgba(245, 243, 238, .94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
}
.header-inner {
  max-width: var(--max);
  min-height: 68px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 28px;
}
.brand {
  margin-right: auto;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.14rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
}
.nav-links a {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--ink); }
.header-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 40px;
  padding: 9px 15px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: white;
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.menu-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 17px;
  height: 1.5px;
  margin: 4px auto;
  background: var(--ink);
}
.mobile-menu {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  inset: 68px 0 0;
  z-index: 90;
  padding: 28px var(--pad);
  background: var(--bg);
}
.mobile-menu.open { display: block; }
.mobile-menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.65rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.container {
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-left: var(--pad);
  padding-right: var(--pad);
}
.section { padding: clamp(64px, 8vw, 108px) 0; }
.section-tight { padding: clamp(48px, 6vw, 78px) 0; }
.section-dark { background: var(--dark); color: #f8f5ef; }
.section-white { background: var(--surface); }
.divider { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: .71rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.display {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(3.15rem, 6.8vw, 6.8rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: .94;
  letter-spacing: -.052em;
}
.display em,
.heading em { color: var(--accent); font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; }
.heading {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4.2vw, 4.6rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
}
.subheading {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.7vw, 2.7rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -.026em;
}
.lead {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.5vw, 1.24rem);
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.prose { max-width: 740px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.03rem; }
.prose p { margin: 0 0 1.15em; }
.small { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }

.button-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 11px; margin-top: 30px; }
.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 46px;
  padding: 11px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform .16s ease, border-color .16s ease, background .16s ease;
}
.button:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); border-color: var(--ink); }
.button-primary { border-color: var(--ink); background: var(--ink); color: white; }
.button-accent { border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent); color: white; }
.button-light { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.28); color: white; }

.hero { padding: clamp(70px, 8vw, 112px) 0 clamp(60px, 7vw, 94px); }
.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 190px;
  gap: clamp(36px, 7vw, 90px);
  align-items: center;
}
.hero .display { max-width: 880px; }
.hero-role {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero-role::before { content: ""; width: 26px; height: 1px; background: var(--accent); }
.hero-portrait {
  width: 164px;
  height: 164px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 7px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(162, 59, 41, .45);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.hero-portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 18%;
}
.hero-meta {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
  margin-top: 42px;
  padding-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.hero-meta strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: .75rem; }
.hero-meta span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .82rem; line-height: 1.5; }

.subscribe-hero {
  margin-top: 54px;
  padding: 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--surface);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .8fr) minmax(360px, 1.2fr);
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: center;
}
.subscribe-hero h2 {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.4vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.08;
}
.subscribe-hero p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .92rem; }
.substack-frame {
  width: 100%;
  height: 150px;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color-scheme: light;
}

.section-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .9fr) minmax(260px, .55fr);
  gap: 50px;
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}
.section-head .lead { margin: 0; font-size: 1rem; }

.essay-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
}
.essay-card {
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 16px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--surface);
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.essay-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(20,20,18,.07); }
.essay-card a { display: flex; height: 100%; flex-direction: column; text-decoration: none; }
.essay-image {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #e7e2d8;
}
.essay-image img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.essay-image.placeholder {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 28px;
  background: var(--dark);
  color: white;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  line-height: 1.05;
}
.essay-body { display: flex; flex: 1; flex-direction: column; padding: 22px; }
.essay-date { color: var(--accent); font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.essay-title { margin: 10px 0 10px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.05; font-weight: 450; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.essay-excerpt { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.62; }
.essay-link { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 18px; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; }
.loading-card { min-height: 380px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 16px; background: linear-gradient(90deg,#efebe3 25%,#f7f4ee 40%,#efebe3 60%); background-size: 400% 100%; animation: loading 1.5s infinite; }
@keyframes loading { 0%{background-position:100% 0}100%{background-position:0 0} }

.topic-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.topic {
  min-height: 260px;
  padding: 30px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.topic-number { color: var(--accent); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700; }
.topic h3 { margin: 42px 0 12px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 430; line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.topic p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .91rem; }

.feature-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, .75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
  gap: clamp(38px, 7vw, 90px);
  align-items: center;
}
.book-visual {
  width: min(100%, 330px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  border-radius: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 22px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.13);
}
.book-visual img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/5; object-fit: cover; }
.fact-list { display: grid; gap: 0; margin-top: 28px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.fact-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 150px 1fr; gap: 20px; padding: 15px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.fact-row strong { font-size: .78rem; }
.fact-row span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }

.work-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 14px; margin-top: 36px; }
.work-card { padding: 28px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); border-radius: 14px; }
.work-card h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.75rem; font-weight: 430; }
.work-card p { margin: 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); font-size: .91rem; }

.page-hero { padding: clamp(66px, 8vw, 108px) 0 clamp(48px, 6vw, 78px); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(260px, .48fr); gap: 50px; align-items: end; }
.page-hero .display { font-size: clamp(3.3rem, 6vw, 6.2rem); }
.page-hero .lead { margin: 0; }

.publication-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 74px 180px minmax(0,1fr) 26px;
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 22px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.publication-item:hover .publication-title { color: var(--accent); }
.publication-year { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.8rem; color: var(--muted); }
.publication-source { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .07em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
.publication-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.1; transition: color .16s; }
.publication-arrow { color: var(--muted); }

.research-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0,1fr); gap: clamp(44px, 7vw, 92px); align-items: start; }
.research-nav { position: sticky; top: 98px; }
.research-nav a { display: block; padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: .86rem; text-decoration: none; }
.research-nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.research-section { padding: 0 0 62px; margin-bottom: 62px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-section:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.research-section h2 { margin: 0 0 18px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 3.4rem); font-weight: 430; line-height: 1; }
.research-section p { max-width: 760px; color: var(--muted); }
.research-links { margin-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-links a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-decoration: none; font-size: .9rem; }
.research-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.about-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: clamp(38px, 6vw, 72px); align-items: start; }
.about-portrait { width: 166px; height: 166px; padding: 7px; border: 1px solid rgba(162,59,41,.45); border-radius: 50%; }
.about-portrait img { width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 18%; }
.credentials { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 12px; margin-top: 34px; }
.credential { padding: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 12px; }
.credential strong { display:block; margin-bottom: 5px; }
.credential span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .88rem; }

.contact-links { max-width: 760px; margin-top: 34px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.contact-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px minmax(0,1fr) 24px; gap: 20px; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-decoration: none; }
.contact-link span:first-child { color: var(--accent); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.contact-link strong { font-size: .96rem; word-break: break-word; }
.contact-link:hover strong { color: var(--accent); }

.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 34px 0; }
.footer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 30px; align-items: end; }
.footer-brand { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.3rem; }
.footer-copy { margin-top: 5px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; }
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 17px; }
.footer-links a { color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; text-decoration: none; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--ink); }

.notice { padding: 16px 18px; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); background: var(--surface); color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .nav-links { display: none; }
  .header-cta { margin-left: auto; }
  .menu-toggle { display: block; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 150px; gap: 36px; }
  .hero-portrait { width: 140px; height: 140px; }
  .subscribe-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .section-head, .page-hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; }
  .essay-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .topic-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .publication-item { grid-template-columns: 52px 130px minmax(0,1fr) 20px; gap: 16px; }
  .research-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-nav { position: static; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
  .research-nav a { padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  :root { --pad: 20px; }
  .header-inner { min-height: 62px; }
  .header-cta { display: none; }
  .mobile-menu { inset: 62px 0 0; }
  .hero { padding-top: 54px; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-portrait { grid-row: 1; justify-self: start; margin: 0; width: 112px; height: 112px; }
  .display { font-size: clamp(3rem, 15vw, 4.8rem); }
  .hero-meta { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .subscribe-hero { margin-top: 38px; padding: 20px; }
  .substack-frame { height: 170px; }
  .essay-grid, .topic-grid, .work-grid, .credentials { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .feature-grid, .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .about-portrait { width: 124px; height: 124px; }
  .book-visual { width: 230px; margin-left: 0; }
  .publication-item { grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0,1fr) 18px; gap: 12px; }
  .publication-source { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  .publication-title { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
  .publication-year { grid-row: 1 / span 2; }
  .publication-arrow { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1 / span 2; }
  .fact-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .contact-link { grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0,1fr) 18px; gap: 12px; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
}